The Blending of Art and Mass Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Blending of Art and Mass Culture - Essay Example While he asserted that "the poster isa mass-produced object that must have a commercial function" (Medlej), Cassandre found that he could use images, colors, and text in a sort of artistic fusion to grab the attention of the viewer. Making posters as large as 13' x 15', Cassandre learned how lucrative art could be (Owen). As Neil Harris observed, "business [could] beas stimulating a patron of the arts as prelates, cardinals, and popes were who represented the church in the fifteenth century." Cassandre's approach was not without its detractors. There were those who wondered if his style would make its way from France into American advertising - specifically, whether the American advertising designers would be willing to set aside their more conservative and monotonous design styles for something that seemed to swing closer to the world of art than the world of business. Those who hoped that American advertisers would change their designs were those who saw how Cassandre's posters used geometry to grab the attention of the viewer; they realized the potential of "attention value." While advertising only attracts those whose "circumstances permit the possibility of action," Cassandre sought to make sure that the most focused attention would be on his posters (Parker). This focus would come with the elimination of distractions, so that the central message of the advertisement would be clear to the viewer (Parker). Cassandre established a handful of principles in his poster design. As mentioned above, Cassandre aimed for very large posters, and had a revolutionary attitude toward text. While other poster-makers attempted to squeeze the text in around designs, or wherever it would fit, Cassandre found the text to be the central part of the poster, particularly in advertisements. He claimed that "design should be based on the text and not inversely" (Medlej). His emphasis on the artistic value of text led him to experiment widely in sans serif fonts (Megaw, Hatchings), even to invent the Peignot-font, which he believed to be a "purer form of the alphabet" as far as it expressed the "essential character of Roman letters" (Tam). His goal was to make Peignot one of the established text-faces, but this did not come about during his lifetime (Tam). Cassandre's emphasis on text even went to the use of alliterative slogans to increase the allure to the viewer (Hambourg). Another one of his principles centerd around the use of geometry and architecture to design his posters. Enlarging a poster to the sizes that Cassandre wanted in the 1920's risked severe distortion of the original image, and so lines were used that would be difficult to distort. This use of line and form in a more figurative way was one of the basic influences in the later works of Max Lingner and Salvador Dali, who took the distortion of line and form to new frontiers (Held). Cassandre's notions of poster-making had a significant effect on a variety of art forms throughout the rest of the twentieth century. His ideas concerning the use of line and color to increase audience attention became one of the founding tenets of the Bauhaus school.

Individual report about Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Individual report about Tesco - Essay Example In the past ten years the general UK grocery market has been increasing steadily. The total grocery market has increased from  £ 93 billion in 1998 to  £ 146 billion in 2008. But following uncertainties like high unemployment, financial crisis, tight household budgets etc. the UK grocery market is facing difficulties. Though the UK grocery market has not been able to completely get rid of these uncertainties, the growth rate assumed by it is still reasonable. In 2008, the grocery market of UK was worth  £ 146 billion which is an increase of 5% from 2007. The above two sectors have given tough competition to the traditional retail, due to which the market share of it has decline to less than 5 %. Online retail channel has a very small market share in the grocery market. There are other supermarket chains in UK namely M&S, Waitrose, Iceland, etc. This report will take a look at the strategic analysis of Tesco. The main direct effect which politicians will have in shopping and retailing is through their power over the land-use planning system. Though land-use planning is a local authority matter, but national government intervene to give guidance and directions on the assessment of development proposals and opportunities. It has become difficult to obtain planning permission for developments away from existing town centres. This has emerged as a general concern among all the retailers. Retailers are also affected by many public policy which tries to regulate competition, trading conditions and safeguard consumer interest. There have been many changes like easing of restrictions on trading hours. There has been tight regulation on food stores due to concerns over public health (Saloner, Shepard and Podolny, 2008, p. 211). This is done for ensuring that the retailers do their jobs properly and to make sure that there is a level playing field. Further political parties draft legislation